Using the Common French Expression Casser Les Pieds

Utilizing the Common French Expression 'Casser Les Pieds' The French articulation casser les pieds quelquun is a peculiar one, a genuine expression that doesnt legitimately interpret. Expressed effectively, it intends to pester somebody. This articulation has advanced from casser la cervelle to casser les oreilles to casser les pieds, with the importance of casser being more to pulverize than to break. It is a usually utilized articulation in French. Il me casse les pieds avec ses problã ¨mes He truly bothers/exhausts me with his issues. The thought behind casser les pieds is more irritation than weariness. Be that as it may, its utilized with the two implications. Note that the development requires a roundabout item pronoun. This implies the articulation is utilized with words, for example, me, te, lui, nous, vous, and leur. Figures of speech are dubious in each language. In French, its not common to state break a leg to wish good karma to somebody, for instance. Casser les Pieds This is an odd-looking expression. On the off chance that you state casser les pieds quelquun, it intends to disturb/bore somebody. On the off chance that you state casser les pieds DE quelquun its physical, and it implies you broke someones feet. On jouait au foot...Pierre a tirã © dans le ballon en mã ªme temps que moi. Il mama donnã © un fantastic overthrow de pied et il mama cassã © le pied. We were playing soccer...Peter shot the ball simultaneously as I did. He kicked me hard and broke my foot. Pierre a passã © la soirã ©e me raconter ses problã ¨mes de coeur, et quand je lui ai dit darrã ªter, il est allã © casser les pieds quelquun dautre. Pierre went through the night revealing to me his affection issues, and when I instructed him to stop, he proceeded to irritate another person. Equivalent words There are various equivalents for this stage, including some extremely basic disgusting alternatives that show up in ordinary French language and mainstream society. Weariness Sennuyer (extremely normal) Sennuyer comme un rodent mort, or like a dead rodent, which intends to be extremely exhausted. (Typical statement) Se faire chier (extremely regular profane slang) Inconvenience Ennuyer, agacer, exaspã ©rer, importuner (very formal) quelquun. Casser les oreilles quelquun meeans actually to break someones ears, however this articulation is for the most part utilized when somebody goes on and on. Faire chier quelquun (extremely regular profane slang)

Response to Rereading America Essay Example for Free

Reaction to Rereading America Essay The prologue to the content, Rereading America, provokes us to look past the normal misguided judgments of the â€Å"myth† the American dream and to think basically. To the extent what I think it intends to be an American resident, there are numerous interesting points. I accept that to be an American can suggest opportunity, security, and thriving to a few. To other people be that as it may, it can mean a battle to endure. The perfect American dream, regardless of your understanding of the thought, appears to be essentially far off for most. My concept of being an American is that you are happy to accomplish work. You are not simply sitting tight for things to just be given to you with a royal flair. To me, it likewise implies that you can get effective and achieve the objectives you set your focus on. Despite the fact that it's anything but a total intend to get effective without managing deterrents, I comprehend the estimation of difficult work. Being an American for me is stating that I can finish any assignments in my future as long as I remain centered and make it stride by step. Without difficult work in school I won't be as effective in the work place as I might want to be. I comprehend that nothing will basically be given to me, however that I need to try sincerely and procure the things I want. To the extent school goes I should keep up a specific evaluation direct normal toward be acknowledged in the nursing program. This will require a lot of exertion and I should obtain the need to proceed on my excursion of instruction, which will assist me with planning for this present reality. Being an American for me implies I will endeavor to fulfill the necessities or guidelines for an undergrad and an individual in the work place. With difficult work I will in the end make progress.

PSLE Grading System to be Revamped

Question: Depict about the PSLE Grading System to be Revamped. Answer: Presentation The shortened form PSLE alludes to the Primary School Leaving Examination, which is considered as a national test led in Singapore. This assessment is intended for all the understudies who are going to move to their optional schools and is composed and overseen by the Ministry of Education. This assessment tests the knowledge of understudies on four fundamental subjects, for example English, Mathematics, Science, and the provincial language, assuming any. The understudies at that point get the opportunity to pick the sort of the auxiliary school that suits them best contingent upon their outcomes (Tsheko Mogapi, 2015). As of late, there has been a declaration of the adjustment in the PSLE reviewing framework which made a confounding climate among guardians, gatekeepers, understudies, just as educators. This examination profoundly explores and gives contentions on whether the legislature ought to redo the reviewing framework or not thinking about its advantages, and downsides. Should the PSLE evaluating arrangement of utilizing T-scores be patched up? Most importantly, lets examine what a T-score implies. In psychometrics, a T-score can be characterized as standard models used to ascertain the scores of understudies in schools. It tends to be determined by increasing the estimation of a Z score by 10 and after then the expansion of 50 focuses in the outcome. It is essentially a change procedure which changes the crude scores into standard scores (Sedgwick, 2010). There is a unique equation to figure the estimation of T-score, which is as per the following: T = 10 * Z + 50 Where, 50 is the estimation of mean, and 10 is the estimation of standard deviation. The utilization of T-scores let the people know their situations from the mean. For the computation of T-scores, the estimation of Z-score is basic which can be determined as follows: Z = x M/SD Here, x is the crude score, M is the shortened form of mean, and SD represents standard deviation. The issues that a PSLE evaluating framework utilizing T-scores encompasses influences good and moral estimations of understudies. The framework isn't as adaptable and various. It blocks the development and improvement of understudies on moral grounds. The understudies don't get sufficient opportunity to concentrate on their ethical turn of events and work on their qualities due to the exacting evaluating standards that lead them just to focus on the scholastics. Based on T-scores, understudies are commonly contrasted with others independent of how well they himself have functioned for it. It prompts demotivation and the absence of certainty among understudies. They normally get the personality and the spot in the general public, contingent upon their scores which is an incorrect method of sorting understudies (Teng, 2016). In the race of being first, once in a while it happens that understudies carry on morally wrong like cheating, utilizing inappropriate approaches to get better gra des and do such things that are not adequate and are additionally not suitable for their future turn of events. This is on the grounds that the manner in which reviewing framework and the instruction framework is controlled. It is the idea of a considerable lot of the guardians that adjustments in the evaluating framework won't help in diminishing the weight on the understudies by any means. In a meeting, a woman named Carina Chuah calls attention to that the new evaluation groups won't help in decreasing worry as the understudies need to guarantee that the imprints in each band ought to be at standard, else it will influence their general score and accomplishment levels (Wong, 2016). The central issue about the patch up is that when everybody will be reviewed based on their crude scores, at that point how the most splendid understudies will persuade their opportunity to be on top. It will make a kios in the general public, and the developing gifts will vanish. Different inquiries that will emerge after this change are what will be the determination and enlistment measures of auxiliary schools and by what means will schools pick great understudies as the greater part of the understudies will be evaluated in a similar classification independent of their insight and astuteness. This will definitely be a lopsided methodology and make an unequal environment inside the schools and in the psyches of the understudies. T-score is an efficient rules that give every single understudy a reasonable opportunity to show their psychological limits, based on which they get their rankings (Yang, 2016). The new framework will be a wreck with more odds of sorting a normal understudy and a decent understudy at a similar level. The present framework is increasingly straightforward, reliable, clear, and useful while the new framework is out of line and uncertain. There exists a blended feeling among individuals about the adjustments in the reviewing framework. A few guardians have a colloquialism that the new evaluation groups are an incredible beginning as it will survey the capacities of understudies dependent on their presentation and knowledge instead of an examination of scores with their companions. As per the administration, a PSLE evaluating framework utilizing T-scores make more weight on the guardians just as understudies as there perseveres an intense rivalry to be on top as Mr. Ng said in one of the articles (U-Wen, 2016). Because of the present framework, understudies lose their every single other intrigue and continue attempting to be on the highest point of the race whether it is of their advantage or not. The new framework will urge understudies to concentrate more on the co-curricular exercises of their advantage, and the opposition will be diminished, however the emphasis on scholastics will likewise be limited. It is consid ered as another progression in the advancement of ethics, character, and qualities into the understudies as not just the scholarly capability assists understudies with improving in their life, yet additionally the mentality and the qualities hold equivalent significance (Ng, 2016). Despite the fact that the numbers in the new framework are extraordinary, yet the division is nearly the equivalent, so the pressure will even now be an issue among all (Ngerng, 2016). End While looking towards the progressions the legislature proposed in the instruction framework, obviously there isn't a lot of assist it with willing give in future. The evaluations will be changed to Achievement levels, however when the reviewing example of the new framework appears, it will turn out to be progressively hard for the understudies to score higher as under the T-score design, 75 imprints will give an A though in the new framework, the score of 75 will give the evaluation 4 to the understudy which is two levels down. In this manner, this will be a demotivating and a much upsetting example for the understudies, and the legislature should reconsider before rolling out any improvements in the present arrangement of the instruction framework. References Ng, J. (2016).Tweaks to Psle alone won't calm weight on children.The Straits Times. Recovered 8 October 2016, from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/instruction/changes to-psle-alone-wont-alleviate pressure-on-youngsters Ngerng, R. (2016).New Psle Education Scoring System: Does it Change Anything?.The Heart Truths. Recovered 8 October 2016, from https://thehearttruths.com/2016/07/14/new-psle-training scoring-framework does-it-change-anything/ Sedgwick, P. (2010). T scores and z scores.Bmj,341(dec30 2), c7362-c7362. Teng, A. (2016).Parliament: Psle scoring framework to be patched up; T-score to be expelled from 2021.The Straits Times. Recovered 8 October 2016, from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/instruction/parliament-psle-scoring-framework to-be-redid t-score-to-be-expelled from-2021 Tsheko, G. Mogapi, M. (2015). An Investigation of the Apparent Speeded Nature of Primary School Leaving Composition and Letter Writing Examination.Tpls,5(5), 894. U-Wen, L. (2016).Psle T-score to clear a path for scoring groups in 2021.The Business Times. Recovered 8 October 2016, from https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/singapore-financial plan 2016/psle-t-score-to-clear a path for-scoring-groups in-2021 Wong, J. (2016).What's the serious deal about the Psle changes? - Happy Sparks.Happysparks.com. Recovered 8 October 2016, from https://www.happysparks.com/article/EDC160720-0000001 Yang, C. (2016).Changes to Psle evaluating: What could be in store?.The Straits Times. Recovered 8 October 2016, from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/instruction/changes-to-psle-reviewing what-could-be coming up

Featured Test Prep Student Matt Graeff

Matt Graeff understands the importance of preparation and focus. As a golfer, he knows how crucial it is to practice his golf skills and keep his mind in the game before he even steps out on the golf course. So when it came time to focus and prepare for the ACT, he was ready for the challenge. The 17-year-old Wissahickon High junior from Blue Bell PA, is one of the top scorers on his high school golf team, which went undefeated last fall. Although it was golf season, Matt spent time off the course investing in his academic future. After taking the PSAT and a diagnostic ACT test, he decided to take the ACT. â€Å"I felt like the format of the ACT fit my style better than the SAT,† Matt explained. Working with A+ Test Prep and Tutoring, he said, was a â€Å"no-brainer.† â€Å"My brother did A+ tutoring a few years ago, and I saw that it helped him out a lot,† Matt said. â€Å"I wanted to do the same thing in hopes of being able to bring up my scores.† Toward the beginning of the school year, Matt took a diagnostic test at the A+ office, and about a month later, he began tutoring sessions with Beth Bantley (verbal) and Barb Lommer (math and science) at his home. â€Å"One of the things the two of them were really good at was challenging me and realizing where I wasn’t as strong. We focused on those areas, and they gave me problems that were difficult. But in the long run, being able to see those questions helped me out,† Matt explained. â€Å"On the test, I would see similar questions, so I was ready for them. I didn’t really have any questions about what I was going to see.† According to Barb Lommer, his math and science tutor, â€Å"Matt was an extremely disciplined student who managed to combine his prep with an extensive golf schedule. He understood that it would take an extraordinary effort to reach his ACT goal score, but he was never discouraged.† Matt recalled working with his verbal tutor, Beth Bantley, to learn how to pace himself in the verbal sections. â€Å"Every time we did a reading passage, we would put eight-and-a-half minutes on the clock,† Matt explained, because if each of the four reading passages was completed in that amount of time, he would finish under the time limit. â€Å"That really internalized the pace I had to read and do the questions at, which was extremely helpful.† â€Å"Matt brought to the test prep process a determination to master the skills necessary to get a top score on the ACT. He really put in the time necessary for dramatic improvement. Not only did he strive to get the correct answers, but also to understand how and why,† Beth noted. So with all of Matt’s motivation, focus, and preparation, he was able to shake his nerves off. â€Å"I was a little nervous because I put so much time into it,† Matt said. â€Å"But at the same time, I felt that for as many practice tests as I had done and all of the homework, there wasn’t really anything I thought that could slow me down. It was just a matter of going in and doing it.† The preparation was all worth it, as Matt was able to increase his ACT composite score by 4 points. â€Å"I was really happy with the process. Going into it, I figured the tutoring would help me learn the necessary content. But I think how it really helped me was getting me ready to take the test: getting familiar with the format and the pace. It made me so much more prepared and ready to take the test than a lot of students that don’t do tutoring,† Matt said His mom, Linda, was equally pleased with the A+ experience. â€Å"We really liked the tutors with our older son and cannot be happier with the tutors Matt had,† she said. â€Å"They both are extremely knowledgeable and highly motivated, which in turn motivated Matt and taught him the strategies he needed to take his results to the next level.† As he looks toward his college search, Matt is interested in schools where he can study business and also play golf competitively. â€Å"Golf is something that I work really hard at,† Matt said. â€Å"So right now, my college search is focused on schools where I can continue to play.† With Matt’s impressive ACT score and his drive to succeed, there is no doubt that he will be able to achieve that dream. Congratulations, Matt!

Eli Lilly And Company- Outline Essay - 2041 Words

Eli Lilly and Company- Outline Eli Lilly Company (Lilly) was founding in 1876 by Colonel Eli Lilly in Indianapolis, Indiana. A veteran of the United States Civil War and a pharmaceutical chemist by trade, Lilly set out to start a company with three underlying goals. First manufacture high quality pharmaceutical products, second medications would be dispensed by medical staff rather than through a mobile tradeshows which was popular at the time, and finally, Lilly’s medication would be developed using current science data. In 1886, Lilly went on to hire a pharmaceutical chemist which led to Lilly’s esteemed research and development history that they are known for to this very day (Lilly, 2015). In fact, some of the greatest advances in medication can be traced back to Lilly. Lilly’s research and development for insulin dates back to 1923 and continues to this day (Lilly, 2015). Lilly also had a hand in mass producing Penicillin and the Polio Vaccine. Accord ing to the Eli Lilly Company Annual Report (2015), over 50% of the vaccine used to eradicate polio was Eli Lilly labeled. Through research and development, Lilly’s storied past continued with the development of some of the most popular drugs to treat depression (Prozac), diabetes (Humulin), oral antibiotic (Ceclor), schizophrenia (Zypexa), postmenopausal osteoporosis (Evista), and male erectile dysfunction (Cialis) just to name a few. Through Lilly’s core values- integrity, excellence, andShow MoreRelatedA Review On The Case Of Eli Lilly And Company Versus Canada1524 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestment treaties. ISDS was created to reduce the political risks related to rapidly increasing foreign investment, and make the commitments made by host States in investment treaties more easily enforceable (EPRS, 2014). In the case of Eli Lilly and Company versus Canada, the provision was written in Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)(wikipedia.org). IS DS often takes place under the supervision of arbitral tribunals such as the World Bank and United Nations. ISDS hasRead MoreEssay on Eli Lilly2932 Words   |  12 PagesEli Lilly and Company:Drug Development Strategy Assignment One RSM494: Technological Strategy 2/16/2012 Antora Sanchari Ahmed 997292139 Professor Terry Amburgey TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Market Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Industry Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Read More California SB 1386 Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pagesvulnerabilities such as viruses and encrypting personal information so that it cannot be viewed. The FTC recently ordered several large corporations to implement stronger privacy controls after breaches exposed personal information. In January of 2001, Eli Lilly settled with the FTC after accidentally releasing the e-mail addresses of nearly 700 consumers who were using the company’s anti-depressant Prozac. Seven months later, Microsoft was targeted by the FTC for misrepresenting the security of its â€Å"PassportRead MoreAlliance Management At Eli Lilly Lesson Essay8924 Words   |  36 Pagesï » ¿Alliance Management at Eli Lilly: Lessons on How Alliance Capability Contributes to Sustainable Advantage Luvison, Dave, Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship Executive  Summary Alliances  have  long  been  an  important  strategy  in  the  pharmaceutical  industry  even  thoughmore  than  half  fail.  Eli  Lilly  set  out  to  create  a  core  competence  in  the  area  of  strategic  alliancemanagement  that  would  not  only  improve  its  success  rate,  but  also  differentiate  the  firm  fromits  competitors  in  the  industryRead MoreChapter 10 Basic Organizational Design4291 Words   |  18 PagesManager’s Dilemma† highlights some of the problems in store for Eli Lilly Company, a major US pharmaceutical company. 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Its Time for Legalization of Same Sex Adoption Around the...

What is wrong with America? This is a nation built on the success of the children, and future generations. How can we say that when thousands of children are in foster care to this day? To confront this problem states must realize that adoption to homosexuals is a great opportunity, not by just giving children homes, but also allowing them to experience the lifestyle that same-sex patents present. In addition, the government has to realize that religion should not play a role in whether or not gays should be able to adopt as a couple. People always say they feel for children and wish they could help. Well here is that opportunity! These children need a loving home, and if a gay or lesbian couple can provide that, why not let them. I agree†¦show more content†¦Continuing with love and nurture, advocates can see that children of gay or lesbian couples actually grow up with the ability to be more psychologically empowered. They express their emotions more in comparison to other children. These increases in understanding situations are cause from the family time that a same-sex couple presents. They have a tendency to show their children the same if not more affection then heterosexual. The reason for more affection is the process they went through to adopt the child. Adoption processes for homosexuals are so hard that some have to move to a different state just to get their case looked at. Some adoption agency do not accept homosexual application, one in particular is Florida. Where as others will take the application and discard them as soon as the applicant leaves. Then even after the process is accepted, they still face discrimination by people around them. The hardship these people face is incredible. The one role they ask for is to raise a child, and feel the joy that some unworthy mothers may consider a pain. The pleasure to have known a person is depended on them for devotion and attachment. Next concept, legalizing same-sex adoption around the country can have positive feedback. Statics have shown that homosexual adoption rates have increase over the years. Posted by the Time Magazine, â€Å"By 2006, a Pew Center poll found, supportShow MoreRelatedEssay on Pro Same-Sex Marriage and Pro Family1487 Words   |  6 Pagesshapes and colors and is not finite. It cannot be measured or defined in terms of sexual orientation.quot; ( Same sex marriage and civil unions) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; America’s population is growing, and the number of homosexuals is increasing as well. With the growing population of gays in America’s communities growing closer to 10%, the topic of gay marriage comes up time and time again. There are always two sides to each battle, and each side feels strongly on their decided opinions. TheRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1491 Words   |  6 PagesSame sex marriage is one of the most debatable issues in the modern world. 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So, if you ever think about visiting Uruguay, you have to catch a game! Wait did you think that was all? No, I h ave way more, so keep reading about the wonderful country Uruguay and it’s many traits! Now beforeRead MoreThe Rights Code Of The United States1355 Words   |  6 Pagesprovinces, starting with Quebec in 1977, and eventually the entire country in 1996. An abolishment on the ban of gay men and woman in the military occurred in 1992, adoption for same-sex couples in Ontario in 1995, and a series of legalization of same-sex marriages in several provinces in the early 2000s ultimately lead to Bill C-38, which made Canada the fourth country in the world to officially acknowledge the union of same-sex couples. This increasing acceptance of the LGBT+ community can be attributedRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe most important cultural development in America in the last twenty-five years has definitely been the legalization of gay marriage. 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In the United States, there were 2,162,000 of these licenses handed out to couples in 2009 (CDC) In states such as Hawaii and Massachusetts, around some 819 civil unions were performed for homosexual couples (CDC) These unions however, are only valid in the state where they were gained and does not grant any federal privileges similar to those t hat heterosexual marriage licenses do, such as

Marxs Ideal Society Essay Example For Students

Marxs Ideal Society Essay One of the greatest debates of all time has been regarding the issue of the freedom of mankind. The one determining factor, for Marx, it that freedom is linked with class conflict. As a historian, Karl Marx traced the history of mankind by the ways in which the economy operated and the role of classes within the economy. For Marx, the biggest question that needed to be answered was Who owns freedom? With this in mind, Marx gives us a solution to both the issues of freedom and class conflict in his critique of capitalism and theory of communism, which is the ideal society for Marx. His theory of communism is based on the ultimate end of human history because there will be freedom for all humankind. Marx saw communism as the ideal society because it is the genuine resolution of the conflict between man and man- the true resolution of the strife between existence and essencebetween freedom and necessity that capitalism fosters. Marx was also committed to the notion that theory and actio n go hand in hand. Marx dismissed earlier thinkers because they (philosophers) have only interpreted the world in various ways; the point, however, is to change it. He also stated Ideas cannot carry out anything at all. In order to carry out ideas men are needed who can exert practical force. However, Marx would have been appalled by the way his theory of communism was misused. It can be said, though, that Marxs theory of communism was clearly open for interpretation because he failed to offer principles or guidelines of even the most general kind for how the system of communism was to be fully established. It was this opportunity for interpretation that made Marxs theory of communism doomed for failure when it was used in practice. Marxs theory stems from the social conditions existing during his lifetime. This was when the industrial revolution was hitting its stride. Great technological advances were being made to the modes of production, especially in the areas of agriculture an d textiles. This was the main factor that drove peasants from the countryside to find work in the cities. In addition, capitalism had emerged as the dominant form of economics. Marx contended that class is based upon the economic conditions of society. He identified class through the history of the changing modes of production. In a capitalist society there are five classes: the landed aristocracy, the bourgeoisie (large-scale capitalists), the petty bourgeoisie (small-scale capitalists), the proletariat (the masses of workers), and the lumpen proletariat (the social degenerates). Marx dismissed the relevance of all but two of these classes, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, because they didnt have any real impact on society as a whole. They werent in a position to exploit labor. His theory focuses on the conflict and antagonism between those who owned the modes of production, the bourgeoisie, and those who were forced into selling their labor to them, the proletariat. As Marx sa w it, class is about the transfer of surplus (profit) from below and the exercise of power from above. The class with the means of material production also has the means of intellectual control. Those in charge have a political doctrine to control their interests, at whatever cost. This led to what Marx terms brain colonization. The concept of ideology was used in the defense of capitalism. It was a strategy used to support the system and keep the workers concerns quieted. Liberalism was the ideology used by the bourgeoisie. Marx said, Liberal ideology is used to blind the workers to the injustice of exploitation. It was an official veil to persuade the masses that they are free by extolling the myths of progress to them. They argued that since slavery was no longer used for labor, the workers were indeed free. The workers were also told to find happiness and freedom through religion for their material conditions were as they should be. Marx claimed that religion was merely an opiat e for the masses. Basically, they were told to trust in the system and with future progress their situations would improve. This false consciousness was necessary to keep the proletariats minds from ideas of rebellion. He questioned what would happen if it stopped working. Would the liberals turn to the real drug to continue the myths of the bourgeoisie? It is interesting to note that Marx also saw the benefits of capitalism. He claims that capitalism is not evil, just outdated. He agreed that it was a very efficient means of production. However, he asserts that capitalism leads to social dislocation, when workers are forced to find work elsewhere, and human suffering, the alienation of workers. The end result from this will be the collapse of capitalism. History is constantly changing and that a new class war was inevitable, one between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie.Alienation of the workers, for Marx, was seen as imposed on a class that has to bear all the burdens of society without enjoying its advantages. This alienation forces that class into the most decided antagonism to all other classes. Furthermore, it is the capitalists system that necessitates such alienation. In a capitalist society, over the long term, fewer and fewer people will own the means of production and the proletariat will be ever increasing. This happens because of the bourgeoisies need to protect and maximize profits. Although Marx believed that human identity and consciousness should be attained from the work one does, this could not come about in a capitalist system where profits come before human needs. The bourgeoisie could quite effectively keep their profits increasing by denying workers any kind of benefits. As a humanist, Marx wanted to expose the proletariat to their horrible exploitation by the bourgeoisie. He said that they should wake up and look at the world for what it really was.There was no sense in being a romantic and buying into the ideology you were told, seek to find the real truth. Therefore, humanity is denied, in favor of profits, by keeping workers degraded and dehumanized. Man exists as an object of his work, which is repetitive and gives him no claim to ownership of that work. In other words, man lives solely as an extension of the machine he operates. Humanity is also denied by mans living conditions. With more and more rural peasants flocking to the cities for factory work, slums quickly developed. The economic conditions of the proletariat were the sole basis of how the capitalist system operated. In order to maintain and maximize profits, the bourgeoisie kept wages as low as possible, increased the hours of a standard work day, did away with traditions such as giving workers holidays and Sundays off, and by replacing, wherever possible, human workers with machines.The dream of making a better living never materializes for these people. And because of their conditions, they are still lacking the most basic freedoms of life, mos t importantly, the freedom to love themselves. The ultimate vision of freedom for Marx is when the proletariat is separated from the work that alienates them and denies them an identity and humanity. Marx thought, the economic arrangements of a communist system will end the exploitation of any group. According to Marx, since the systems of production are organized by the exchange of the products being produced, the value placed on those products is socially determined. In turn, the principle source of the value of a commodity (product) is the labor that produced it. This value changes over time in a capitalist market system because the bourgeoisie will find ways of making workers more productive. Due to this change in value, the alienation of workers will grow to unbearable degrees, due to the previously mentioned tactics of the bourgeoisie; this would be the catalyst for the proletariat to rise to revolution against the bourgeoisie. According to Marx, there are three phases necessa ry for the transition from capitalism to communism. The first is the universal uprising of the proletariat in a socialist revolt to overthrow the bourgeoisie. He claimed that the emancipation of the working class must be achieved by the working class itself. The second socialist phase is the dictatorship of the proletariat, which itself constitutes no more than a transition to the abolition of all classes and to a classless society.Marx claims that a dictatorship is necessary during this phase to prevent a counter-revolution of the capitalists. The final phase is communism, when the capitalist mentality has been eliminated from the world. At this the point man attains true freedom. For it is only when the real, individual man reabsorbs in himself the abstract citizenonly when man has recognized and organized his own powers as social forces, and consequently no longer separates social power from himself in the shape of political power, only then will human emancipation have been acco mplished.In communism, the interests of the proletariat are represented in all society. This is the ultimate end of human history because there would be no more scarcities, only a happy situation of plenty. All people would take from society only what they needed and contribute to their fullest capabilities. There would be no need for any type of government because the communist society would be altruistic and unselfish. This would also be end to the state itself because everyone would be morally pure. Therefore, communism would be a society without an exchange economy, class, or state. Anne Frank EssayBibliographyBakunin: The Philosophy of Freedom, Brian Morris, Black Rose Books, 1993. Marxism and Class Theory, Frank Parkin, Columbia University Press, 1979. Marx: A Clear Guide, Edward Reiss, Pluto Press, 1997. Revolution and Counter-revolution in Germany, Frederick Engels, Foreign Languages Press, 1977. Capital, Karl Marx, Progress Publishers, 1971. German Ideology, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, International Publishers, 1996. European Democracies, Jurg Steiner, Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc., 1998. The Outlook: Worker-Capitalists of the World Unite, Jacob M. Schlesinger, The Wall Street Journal, Monday, November 15,1999. Philosophy